Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnetic Materials

Heavy metal ions contaminate water environment through point sources and nonpoint sources. are categorized as inorganic contaminants by both the WHO USEPA. The heavy increasingly being introduced into pollutants resulting from human activities. Magnetic particles for treatment applications have received considerable attention researchers due to high separation efficiency. magnetic behave similar or even better than various commercial adsorbents. also exhibit selectivity target besides enabling ease of operation reducing particle steps flowing stream. A comprehensive systematic understanding synthesis surface modifications is significant enhance their practicability in environmental technology. Although removal performance reactivity can be achieved smaller size, stability, toxicity, recovery magnetically could challenging. In contrast, active may forfeited, while stabilize reduce toxicity particles. Reliable necessarily needed increment number sites remove metals. For successful particles, modification on principally crucial balance effects reactivity, capacity, reusability.